Strengthen & Weaken Arguments
Strengthen and weaken questions test your ability to evaluate how new information affects an existing argument. Your task is to identify which option makes the argument more convincing (strengthens) or less convincing (weakens).
Fundamental Principles
Strengthening an Argument
A statement strengthens an argument if it provides additional evidence, supports the assumption, or increases the likelihood that the conclusion is correct.
Weakening an Argument
A statement weakens an argument if it introduces evidence that challenges the assumption, reduces confidence in the conclusion, or presents an alternative explanation.
Supporting Evidence
Facts, statistics, examples, or expert opinions that make an argument more believable.
Essential Formulation Tips
- Identify the conclusion before reading the options.
- Find the assumption that connects the evidence to the conclusion.
- Choose the option that directly affects the argument.
- Ignore information that is true but irrelevant.
Shortcut Execution Techniques
- Strengthen = Build confidence in the conclusion.
- Weaken = Create doubt about the conclusion.
- Focus on the logical gap between evidence and conclusion.
- Alternative causes often weaken an argument.
Contextual Inquiries (FAQs)
Q: What strengthens an argument?
A: Any relevant evidence that supports the conclusion or confirms the underlying assumption strengthens an argument.
Q: What weakens an argument?
A: Information that contradicts the conclusion, challenges the assumption, or provides another explanation weakens an argument.
Q: Are strengthen and weaken questions common in aptitude exams?
A: Yes. They frequently appear in Loksewa, SSC, Banking, CAT, CMAT, GMAT, management entrance, and placement tests.
Example Breakdown: Strengthen Example
Classic strengthening question.A recent study found that cities with more bicycle lanes have significantly lower traffic congestion.
The new evidence directly supports the claim.
It increases confidence in the conclusion.
Final Answer: The argument is strengthened.
Example Breakdown: Weaken Example
Common competitive exam pattern.Company data shows productivity dropped after remote work was introduced.
The evidence contradicts the conclusion.
It reduces confidence in the argument.
Final Answer: The argument is weakened.
Example Breakdown: Alternative Cause Example
Frequently asked reasoning concept.A competitor closed its business during the same period.
Sales may have increased due to reduced competition instead.
This introduces an alternative explanation.
Final Answer: The argument is weakened.
Strengthen & Weaken Practice Questions
Practice identifying statements that strengthen or weaken arguments with detailed explanations.
Q1. Argument: 'Installing CCTV cameras will reduce crime.' Which option best strengthens the argument?
Q2. Argument: 'Students should use tablets instead of textbooks.' Which option weakens the argument?
Q3. Argument: 'Eating breakfast improves academic performance.' Which option strengthens the argument?
Q4. Argument: 'The company should increase online advertising to boost sales.' Which option weakens the argument?
Q5. Argument: 'Planting more trees will improve air quality.' Which option strengthens the argument?